Organic cotton, as you might surmise, is grown from natural (non-genetically modified) plant seeds, and without the use of any agricultural chemicals like fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides or defoliants. To be considered organic, plantations usually need to be certified to be using organic or natural practices of agriculture, pest management, soil enhancement, and even handling and storage of the crop. In the US, the National Organic Program provides guidelines and oversight for organic cotton plantations.